I guess they haven’t discovered the button to block communities?
My feed is quite nice after blocking the stuff that doesn’t appeal to me.
Same. Block is a key feature. That said, I’m actually fascinated at how many furry communities there are. You’d think blocking c/furry would take care of 90% of the problem, but who knew c/MidCenturyYiffsOnAnEamesChair had such a dedicated following.
c/MidCenturyYiffsOnAnEamesChair
(It isn’t really, but I do like those Eames chairs…)
I haven’t seen this one in years.
The inside of those fursuits must smell awful.
I don’t think it’s a bad thing that people complain about problematic viewpoints, even if they can block them.
Being a furry is a problematic viewpoint?
Some people might actually think that and I find that hilarious
Lmao that’s a comically specific /c/
It’s funny how when there’s no algorithm to dictate what you see, it’s furries and gay porn (for mastodon) that show up.
Zoomers gonna zoom
E: Apparently zoomers can’t take a joke. Get over yourselves nerds
The problem is that there are so many porn communities that I have to block one every time I open Lemmy.
Create two accounts, one with NSFW content turned off, and one with it on.
That sucks just as much lol
Why’s that? I’ve been using a separate account for porn on reddit for over a decade. It’s the only way to go imo
That’s why we need some 3rd party apps to make swapping amounts seamless.
Or just make a NSFW-less account on one instance and a NSFW-ful account on a different instance. You don’t even need to log out of one to switch to the other. Just change the URL slightly.
Voyager does this pretty well.
Memmy
It’s pretty seamless on Jerboa. I’ve got this account on lemmy.one and a different account on lemmynsfw. Works great.
Jerboa is really good, I’m very hopeful about it.
I’d like it if an app could be configured to automatically use specific accounts for specific communities, or automatically use an account from the same instance when posting to communities on that instance.
Both thunder and liftoff do that well
We do have those? Unless you mean something for pc. In which case my followup is who the hell is viewing lemmy (or reddit, etc.) on a desktop?
I almost never use mobile devices. I have almost exclusively used social media via desktop or laptop my whole life.
Is there a reason why? I was doing a joke or bit originally, but I do wonder these random things.
In my own life I basically took to smartphone app usage over desktop browsers (or laptops) nearly immediately when I got my first in my early 20s. I’ve now come to the point where I find browsing written forums on non-mobile almost painful and only do it for troubleshooting type purposes. Same for consuming media like news or YouTube videos and such. Some things just seem to take to using as background, distracting scrolling and now that I know that I can’t go back. Although one desktop I had years back for about two years was boring as fuck and the IT somehow didn’t block reddit so I used that on desktop just so my bosses thought I was doing stuff and not on my phone (bad service there anyway and IT never seemed to care unless it was incredibly over the line nsfw stuff)
I spend most of my waking hours on a laptop because of work, so I browse reddit/lemmy on a desktop browser more than my phone.
Maybe the admins can check their connection logs and tell us how many accounts (like me) are viewing on desktop versus mobile.
I think reddit always favored desktop.
I was doing a bit of a bit anyway. Kind of a long standing, very niche, very low level background rivalry between desktop and mobile users. In the same vein as iOS vs android but even more irrelevant and pointless. My favorite type of bit.
definitely not me… 😶
Imagine suggesting this thinking the average user wants to manage this bullshit.
Pro tip: make accounts on different instances, so you don’t need to log in and out but just type in a different url
🤦♂️ you people really really don’t get it do you 🤣
You could just browse your subscribed communities instead of All.
hard to find new communities without using All
That’s why I’m subscribed to [email protected]
Yeah I agree, I mean I still mainly browse All. However that’s always going to be the price you pay. You want everything, you get everything.
Problem is that the website and clients never remember that I want Subscribed to be the default.
You can change that in your profile settings, and I’d imagine most apps as well.
I know, problem is that this is never remembered and is reset back to All every time.
Do you delete/prevent cookies? If not then idk,
works on my machine
That’s lemmy.world for you lol
hard to find new communities without using All
hard to find new communities without using All
I’m so confused by posts like this. I see very little porn stuff on /all/. How are so many others seeing it everywhere?
Some instances block it
Am I the only one who, like…never sees any porn in their feeds?
Is that too difficult?
I’d like to block entire servers myself. But I can’t find a way to block the whole nsfw one. Individual communities yes, but I’d like to not see the whole server.
Just move to an instance that has defederated from major nsfw instances.
It would be nice if there was a directory that made it clear what server has defederated what.
Fragmentation and the lack of continuity and good navigation is seriously going to be what kills any chance a federated Reddit alternative has at becoming even 25% as large as Reddit was.
You can see what an instance has defederated by adding /instances to the URL of the instance. There’s no way to see it for more than one instance (at a time) as far as I know, so yeah, have to agree with you.
Yeah, the only way defederation is a feature is if there’s a way (even if it’s standardized at the client-side) to merge that defederation for those who want a cohesive experience.
It’d almost be better if every user could pick their own “federations” instead of it being at the server level. Obviously the servers need to have that control and my hypothetical might not be in throwing range of what lemmy can/should do.
I read earlier today that at least one instance is defederated from lemmynsfw so you can try making an account on that/one of those…
One of the nice things you can do on kbin, but I don’t think you can on Lemmy yet
Use a different instance, some block it
Find the hosts file on your machine. Add a line for the domain you want to block, like so:
lemmy.annoyingassholes.com 0.0.0.0
If that didn’t make sense, google the terms I used and you’ll find tons of tutorials.
Your suggestion is entirely missing the point. In this context, “blocking” means stopping anything from that instance from showing up in the feed when you view “All” from your home instance, not stopping yourself from navigating your web browser to that other instance.
You can also hide the NSFW content entirely, but some people are never happy.
Some phone apps do not support that feature. Couldn’t find it in Memmy for Lemmy for example, so I bounced.
You can of course always do it through the web interface.
Memmy has it. Tap the community name and then the three dots in the top right. “Block community” will pop up as an option.
I’ve been using it to block Anime/Manga/Hentai communities as fast as they make ‘em. It’s never-ending with that stuff.
Good to know, must have missed that. Memmy felt a bit glitchy on my device, so I’m trying out Liftoff! now.
I’m expecting there will be a bit of a development boom with the increased interest, so it’s always good to keep tabs on what the other apps have to offer.
Thank you! I’ve just been browsing with NSFW turned off, but: A) I actually would rather turn on the blur function if there wasn’t literal porn throughout the “all” feed. B) A bunch of mild soft core stuff like “pretty women” and “celebs” gets through anyway.
Can’t believe it never occurred to me to use the block button to shape the all feed.
The ratio right now is a bit off compared to Reddit…I didn’t mind the occasional NSFW post when it was ~1% of my feed. But on Lemmy ATM it’s about 10%. I do block em, but I feel like I’m missing the occasional NSFW post that’s important (say war updates from Ukraine, etc)
Eh, I understand that. Theres a whitelist approach and there’s a blacklist approach. Should you browse !all while cherrypicking blocks or should you manage your experience with subscriptions.
deleted by creator
Those are probably just newbies. My Reddit account is about 12 years old, and Lemmy right now reminds me of the good days of Reddit. It’s ramping up that way.
I think it’s great. Read about philosophy, memes, and get the occasional booba in-between. It’s good Internetting.
Reminds me of old school slashdot. A mix of techies, skeptics and libertarians. Luckily, the Demon Haunted World quotes stuck over the Ayn Rand junk. Last time I went on slashdot, it seems the libertarians took over. Never thought I’d see anti vaxxers there.
I almost forgot about Slashdot! Gosh, that was decent back in the day. I remember unsubscribing from their email newsletter years ago, after I noticed a consistent trend in topics being unfavourable to my ethos.
Slashdot was great and then I remember after DICE bought them they lost originality and the comments were just people meta complaining. Same feeling as you about the ethos change. Felt greasy at the end of my time there.
enshittification
ThinkGeek use to be great. Still have the titanium spork I got from them for conventions and the “if you’re not part of the solution you’re part of the precipitate” tshirt.
This is the most patronizing response in here 🤣
Christ 🤦♂️
Oh how quickly redditors forgot that r/all was packed full of porn not so long ago…
Not as much, I remember having to scroll down a good bit before seeing any. But yes
When did you arrive on Reddit’s shores? Back when Digg collapsed there was gonewild porn on the front page every day.
I was going to reply 5 years, but then I remembered that we’re in 2023… Jesus
I guess 10 or 9 years thenSexually explicit material was removed in early 2021.
Initially I missed the occasional boobies but then realized not seeing the same 5 onlyfans chicks with a bunch of cult followers was refreshing.
That said I’m all in for some naughty content on the all feed to help identify where those communities are. Until there’s too much OF promotion.
Hilarious considering they are reddit refugees explicitly because of capitalism and the insatisble greed it stokes.
Honestly, if I was a capitalism defender, I’d go to Threads to be monetized by Zuck, but since I know zuck is a capitalist I know any niceties provided today will be pay/ad walled if the platform becomes popular the next time Zuck wants to stoke his quarterly growth/metastasis estimates.
There is no safe harbor to be had putting your faith in capitalists, only exploitation in the name of sociopathic, unquenchable greed. It’s never enough, and when the chips are down and you participate, it will be taken out of your ass sooner or later.
It would be lovely if the capitalism cheerleaders could learn this through experience, but they never seem to, even after getting their ass kicked by it. Unless you hold significant capital (if you have to ask how much you need, you are not), you are not a capitalist, you are the capitalist’s livestock.
Ant’s eye view: I’m here because my app stopped working 😂
This has less to do with liking capitalism than it does with self-avowed communists on the internet being insufferable.
Oh no, the open source community who worked together to create a great ecosystem for free and fto the benefit of all, in the face of data greedy capitalists are commies!
Save me from these sexy FOSS anticapitalists
Again, not the point.
Exactly. I legitimately long for an actual leftist space which isn’t just edgy anti-western brain rot. I want to actually discuss theory and praxis and statecraft with people who can actually acknowledge that obsessive Chinese autocracy should be condemned as harshly as western imperialism. Unfortunately, my experience on Lemmy has once again demonstrated that this is impossible.
It might help your case if you’re more specific about such “praxis” and what you mean by “obsessive Chinese autocracy”
You know, a place where people don’t unironically talk about shooting social democrats who won’t swear fealty to Stalin. Or who can acknowledge that China’s nearly complete lack of public trials is alarming.
I feel like these should be super low bars, yet…
I’m not informed enough to respond. I personally haven’t seen discussion of this on Lemmygrad.
That discussion isn’t actually allowed there
Ah, I guess that’s why nobody ever talks about China’s objectively terrifying legal system on lemmygrad. I appreciate the clarification.
Reddit refuge here. I’m super sad to see people trying to turn lemmy into reddit, this is our chance to make it better. Stop filling the new feed with reddit archive bullshit.
Secondly, I’m fine with the porn. I miss scrolling r/all and getting the surprise boob. Surprise boobs are the best.
Although I will say the furry community on lemmy is fierce. I’ve blocked like 40 communities and I’m still getting dog dicks in my feed. How many different communities do you people need?
It’s one thing to be a communist; it’s another to be an apologist for the CCP.
Americans want socialism. This is spun as “communism” to distract and distort the argument.
And what really is the difference between Socialism and Communism?
Communism entails the collective ownership and administration of all means of production and the absence of social classes, while socialism advocates for worker control over means of production within a democratic society, allowing for some individual ownership and social stratification.
In addition, there are different levels of socialism. “Some” individual ownership turns people off. “The State owns the house I worked so hard to pay off?” You can have full private ownership of your things AND have single-payer health care, top-tier public education, reining in predatory banks, etc. We want to be Norway, not Venezuela.
Your government is directly responsible for Venezuela’s instability. Your government’s entire foreign policy is destabilizing different parts of the world to float the Dollar as the main currency and you the citizens benefit the most from it, this is why I cringe inwardly when Americans complain of Capitalism’s adverse effects, if you enjoyed it while it was good, you must enjoy it while it gets bad.
As a venezuelan, no. What happened and still happens here was the sole responsibility of the socialist party’s government and the ultimate reason why I don’t trust leftists as they don’t own up their failures and just disregard them as “not true socialism”
The government of Venezuela isn’t blameless but to think that American sanctions didn’t affect the Venezuelan economy are the words of a true partisan. Your kind set up piano wire and beheaded civilians on motor bikes in Venezuela and I find that despicable.
The things is the path to one of the other begins the same, of course, paved with good intentions
As opposed to being paved with bad intentions up front?
Honesty or lie. Mmm a hard bargain
I agree with what you’ve said. That’s how I saw it too. Communism is the last stage, while Socialism is a transition period, as a Communist friend once told me. P.S. WTF am I getting downvoted for asking a question?
Don’t worry, votes don’t mean anything here. Feel free to speak your mind :)
Communist and socialist terms have been conflated for a long time.
See https://existentialcomics.com/comic/123 for an illustration.
Communists believe in abolition of capitalism through communist revolution and eventually want to reach a Communist society. Given that such vision has not actually happened yet, Communists often support Actually Existing Socialism (AES).
Socialism is some varying degree in between that and capitalism. On the one hand, there are democratic socialists like Bernie. On the other, there’s also AES countries (e.g. USSR, China).
(P.S. If any other communists see any problems, feel free to correct my mistakes.)
While democratic socialism is a variety of socialism, Bernie isn’t really a democratic socialist, but a social democrat. Social democracy is the left of capitalism, which is right of socialism in any form.
Before some moron turns up, Nazism is not socialism.
In general, I find the term “democratic socialism” to be pretty cringe. It’s like saying right up front “I’m not like those OTHER socialists!” Socialism is a liberatory project. Socialism is the auto-emancipation of the working class. THAT is what democracy looks like. Rule of the people.
Liberation comes hand in hand with revolution though. Socialism will certainly NOT be very democratic for the people who own vast amounts of real estate, productive machinery, and
propagandamedia empires. Those people will certainly need to end up on the wrong side of a gun for the project to succeed. The wise ones among them won’t force us to pull the trigger.It will be a hostile take-over. It will be a break from the constitutional order. It will be a break from the “rule of law.” When the ruling class starts losing the game, they will flip over the table. All your precious civil liberties will be torn to shreds. Fascism is simply capitalism under crisis.
The Liberals commit themselves to playing by the rules even when the fascists never would. Salvador Allende (the world’s first elected Marxist head of state) tried to do this, and in three years it ended in his death and a fascist military dictatorship. There is no room for idealism in revolution. The stakes are very real. You need to crush your enemies by any means necessary. Maybe you don’t give Rupert Murdoch the freedom of speech. Maybe you don’t respect Jeff Bezos’s property rights. Maybe you stuff all the Proud Boys into a mineshaft.
A lot of people whine about authoritarianism in the English speaking left, but the English-speaking left has no power to speak of. Just a bunch of very online sectarians bickering. We run around trying to cancel internet forums which amount to little more than fucking book clubs, as if they were the embodiment of high Stalinism.
Wow, I disagree with every single word of this. You seem to be saying that it’s worth sacrificing liberal rights to attack the right (which you are falsely claiming to be fascists - fascism is a specific ideology, not just an insult for anyone on the right). But in doing so, you become worse than the right.
As a social democrat, I am willing to support and ally with democratic socialists. While we have some differences, we’re both pulling in the same direction. Your revolutionary leftism, on the other hand, is further beyond the pale for me than any liberal ideology.
If this is what your project requires to succeed, then may your project fail.
A theoretical question: How do you think social democratic politics could be implemented in a peripheral or semi-peripheral country? In the core countries, it’s evident that successful social democracies are built not only on national resources but also on the exploitation of the periphery and semi-periphery, through which corporations and capitalists generate profits which are then taxed back into the country. So, what would make a social democratic world fairer than other forms of capitalism? There have been attempts to implement social democratic economies in peripheral regions, for instance, the often-mentioned Venezuela and Bolivia are much closer to the Norwegian economic model than to Cuba.
What could a peripheral social democratic government do at all if, after winning an election, the capitalists would simply withdraw their capital from the country and/or sabotage the government, while using their media to portray every measure taken by the government in a negative light?
Fair enough — got the two confused
I’m gonna leave out utopian communism because it’s not what we’re talking about and isn’t really relevant.
Communists are working toward a classless, stateless society. Viewing the world through the lens of class struggle, they see the state as a tool of class repression and seek to use it to get to that stateless classless society. Its important here to recognize that communists want to use the tools of capitalism to develop the productive forces on the way.
Socialism is worker control of the means of production.
Social democracy is a set of policies enacted by bourgeois societies to keep people from revolting.
Isn’t this the comic where Marx is playing Monopoly, starts losing and Flips the fuck out the table?
I think that’s https://existentialcomics.com/comic/19
I find it funny they portray Marx always doing communist revolutions.
I find them funny too unless I’m living through one of them then it sucks
Here is an alternative Piped link(s): https://piped.video/watch?v=Sq0EYo_ZQVU
Piped is a privacy-respecting open-source alternative frontend to YouTube.
I’m open-source, check me out at GitHub.
Most Americans definitely do not want socialism. People simply want things to be affordable, and be able to live with the social services we need readily available, and to have the freedom to do what they want. That’s not socialism, that’s a well functioning democracy with a strong economy.
A lot of Americans “definitely do not want” Obamacare either, but they sure don’t want to give up the improvements that came with the Affordable Care Act.
In other words, Americans hate the label, but not the policies.
(By the way, regarding your other comment: FDR doesn’t get to decide what words mean. It doesn’t matter whether he called himself a socialist or not; what matters is whether he acted like one.)
Tell me a time in history when this existed without FDR’s socialism.
FDR said he was not a Socialist.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/16/democrats-socialism-fdr-roosevelt-227622/
Liberals try to understand political nuance challenge: Impossible!
Where’s the nuance in simping for an authoritarian state-capitalist regime? It’s like the people who unironically think the DPRK is more democratic than the US.
I’m going to let you re-read the comments and think harder about how to re-interpret them.
I believe in you. Unless you’re a liberal, then you proved my point.
sometimes its painful to watch them. =(
I’m having an easier time arguing with tankies then I did with right wingers. Right wingers don’t even believe themselves, so they shift the goal posts around to suit their needs.
Oh, I saw the futility of talking to them lonnnnnnnnng ago. You might as well try to convince a christian that they’re wrong. You know why that is? Because they’re both cults.
True.
Fuck China, and fuck the United States I live in. The nations of the Nordic region and a few other developed nations have my respect because they respect and value their citizenry. Their economy is a tool that is used to facilitate the distribution of goods and services for the benefit of their society and its citizens, what an economy is supposed to be, instead of doing it ass backwards as we do, hurting citizens to protect the beloved fucking economy and the growth/metastasis expectations of the owner class.
China/The US/Russia are the world leaders in exporting the notion that their citizens should be exploited to stoke the growth of the economy for the benefit of their respective elites. Whoever wins, their people lose.
Why should I go rah rah America when most stakeholders in our society are not meaningful institutional shareholders in the value society produces?
It shouldn’t be about saying simon says or coming out of a rich vagina or if not making perfect economic decisions and kissing ass from age 18, begging to be included and killing yourself for masters who were born into wealth for a small chance of being included in the prosperity of the prosperous nation you’re supposedly a member of.
And don’t you just love the class traitors here that come out to celebrate the failures of citizens who tried? oh you took out student loans in a subject that in hindsight didn’t pay dividends, haha loser. Oh you just started working and didnt get an education and are stuck in the underclass, haha loser. That’s what it means to be an American, rooting against one another as the owner class laughs.
Those nordic countries are suported by a global network of unequal exchange
I’m someone still recovering from republican/libertarian capitalist brainwashing. Would you know of a good book or two on this subject? It’s fascinating to me.
Books:
- Manifesto of the Communist Party (Audio, Audio)
- The State and Revolution (Audio)
- Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (Audio)
- Rosa Luxemburg: Reform or Revolution (1900) (Audio)
- The Foundations of Leninism (Audio)
- Dialectical and Historical Materialism (Audio)
- ON PRACTICE (Audio)
- ON CONTRADICTION (Audio)
- Blackshirts And Reds (Audio)
Texts:
- Why Socialism? (Audio)
- The Principles of Communism (Audio)
- Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Audio)
- Economic Manuscripts: Value, Price and Profit, Karl Marx 1865 (Audio)
- Wage Labour and Capital (Audio)
- On Authority (Audio)
Videos:
- The Difference Between Socialism, Communism, and Marxism Explained by a Marxist - YouTube
- Your Democracy is a Sham and Here’s Why: - YouTube
- Socialism for Absolute Beginners - YouTube
- A Future Beyond Capitalism? Socialism Explained. - YouTube
- Michael Parenti lecture (1986) - YouTube (Yellow Parenti)
Here is an alternative Piped link(s): https://piped.video/watch?v=vyl2DeKT-Vs
https://piped.video/watch?v=oYodY6o172A
https://piped.video/watch?v=fpKsygbNLT4
https://piped.video/watch?v=hactcmhVS1w
Piped is a privacy-respecting open-source alternative frontend to YouTube.
I’m open-source, check me out at GitHub.
Thanks! I’m currently unemployed so I’ll be looking at all this over the next couple days.
Like on which topic? Capitalist critiques, options for a better society, inequality?
I would recommend David Graeber or however it’s spelled writing. Any time you read anyone’s opinion take it with a grain of salt but Debt and Bullshit Jobs address many things, some of which can be taken as criticism of capitalism.
James C Scott is another anthropolgist and his most accessible book is probably seeing like a state. It’s relatively even handed in it’s critques of capitalism as it focuses on states including the USSR. It highlights quite well how markets and states can crush humanity because they have wildly different goals to people.
You probably don’t want to jump right into hardcore theory so this might be a gentler intro into asking why society is the way it is and how it might be different without expressly pushing a particular political theory.
Capitalist critiques mainly.
The Shock Doctrine by Naomi Klein (easy) A Brief History of Neoliberalism by David Harvey (medium)
Thank you! I’ll read one of these next.
Edited my comment again.
To me, the definition of a 3rd world country is about how the poor are living there.
You can live a nice life in literally any country, if you have enough money. But how do those live, who don’t have anything? That’s what differentiates between a decent country and a 3rd world country.
On a slightly broader note: just people going out of their way to justify bad behavior.
As a communist who hates the CCP I see this as a win.
Some days it’s hard to tell the difference…
I’m on lemmy.world and there’s been virtually no NSFW content I’m seeing on this account. I had to create an account on lemmynsfw.com to be able to start seeing it. Hell, I have an Instagram account specifically to see NSFW stuff and I still find my feed filled with completely SFW funny animal videos, baking creations, and woodworking. The internet does not want me to give in to my vulgar proclivities.
I’m trying Connect and checked that NSFW is OK for me to see. In these two days I’ve seen like seven NSFW posts. LOL
There’s virtually no nsfw content on lemmynsfw (unless you have to log in?)
No, I’ve missed the NSFW content. Reddit got rid of all the fun stuff for crypto spam.
Porn is like raid for the ad cock roaches. Nobody will try to advertise if there’s a lot of porn.
That being the case: Viva la smut!
I just don’t understand this…there’s plenty of sites to see NSFW things. So why not just go to them? Tho I guess as a female I just don’t appreciate all the naked women so to me I’m glad to not see it.
Due ti the hive mind you can find something you may have missed. Happy little accidents.
It hits different when it’s a surprise
In our feeds, comrade.
Weird. I don’t see much of that at all, even on “All”. I guess it depends on what instance you join.
woah woah woah…
I haven’t seen any porn since I joined lemmy. Where do I find this…porn?
People on lemmy.ml thinking we just really enjoy Mali.
It’s actually been super refreshing to, generally, be able to say I am a Marxist-Leninist and not immediately get downvoted into oblivion. There are still some of the kneejerk reactions to the CPC, but even then people seem more willing to engage on good-faith even with disagreements.
I have not seen any porn. What am I doing wrong?
You’re feed is set to subscribed
Change it to “All”
I’m on all. Still no porn. I’d like it to stay that way tho
Sir please enable nsfw in your settings first. Then check lemmynsfw.com
No, I don’t think I will.
Reading comprehension: Level 0
Join lemmynsfw.com
3 possible things:
- You have nsfw turned off in settings
- your instance blocks pornographic instances (mine does)
- You’re not sorting right. nsfw stuff is not going to show up in active because no one discusses it. Try hot
Omg thank you! I didn’t know I had to change my settings
I tried hot. I tried top too. I’m on .world and ‘show nsfw’ is checked on.
?
LOL same
Create 2 accounts. One for daily reading with NSFW turned off, and another account with NSFW content for one handed reading. Problem solved.
The only trouble is that not everything NSFW is porn. Your suggestion only works if you never want to see things like potentially-disturbing news articles, fail videos where somebody gets injured, etc. either. (Or if you’re a sicko who gets off on that stuff too, I suppose!)
Pepperidge farm remembers when reddit had porn on the all page.
